Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Statistics - UCR Data Tool. This U.S. Dept. of Justice resource provides state-to-state comparisons across a wide range of violent crime and property crime variables.
Hate Crime Statistics (2016) from the U.S. Dept of Justice. Provides data at the state and county level.
Earlier data (years 1995 - 2015) available at this UCR Hate Crime link.
Data.CDC.gov is the data repository for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data.CDC.gov provides a tremendous array of data across characteristics such as drug use and drug poisoning mortality, disabilities, injury, teen pregnancy, motor vehicle mortality, vaccinations and disease.
Data.CDC.gov can be searched by characteristic (e.g. drug poisoning), or by desired geographic characteristic (e.g. county). Data.CDC.gov data tables - which can be very large - can also be searched by specific location (e.g. Black Hawk County).
Child Nutrition Tables provide state-level data on school breakfast and school lunch participation.
The Food Research & Action Center provides county-level data on SNAP (food stamp) participation.
Feeding America provides data on overall food insecurity by county.
NCES State Education Data Profiles provide data such as pupil/teacher ratio, total expenditures for education, total numbers of students, teachers, and schools, as well as National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) scores for grades 4 and 8 in math, science, reading, and writing.